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The Atkins diet, also known as the Atkins nutritional approach, is a low-carbohydrate diet promoted by Robert Atkins and inspired by a research paper he read in ''The Journal of the American Medical Association''. The paper entitled "Weight Reduction" was published by Alfred W. Pennington in 1958. The Atkins diet lead to 0.1% to 2.9% more weight loss at one year compared to a control group which received behavioural counselling.〔 Atkins used the study to resolve his own overweight condition. He later popularized the method in a series of books, starting with ''Dr. Atkins' Diet Revolution'' in 1972. In his second book, ''Dr. Atkins' New Diet Revolution'' (2002), he modified parts of the diet but did not alter the original concepts. ''The New Atkins for a New You (2010)'' is based upon a broad array of information gained over the last decade not covered in previous editions, including nutrient-rich foods. ''The New Atkins for a New You Cookbook'' was released in 2011 by Colette Heimowitz to provide dieters with simple, low-carb recipes. ==Effectiveness== The Atkins diet leads to 0.1% to 2.9% more weight loss at one year than a control group. Because of substantial controversy regarding the Atkins diet and even disagreements in interpreting the results of specific studies it is difficult to objectively summarize the research in a way that reflects scientific consensus.〔Taubes, Gary: ''(What if It's All Been a Big Fat Lie? )'', New York Times, Sunday, July 7, 2002〕〔Warner, Jennifer: ''(Jury Still Out on Low-Carbohydrate Diets )'', MedicalNet.com, April 8, 2003〕 Although there has been some research done throughout the twentieth century, most directly relevant scientific studies, both those that directly analyze the Atkins Diet and those that analyze similar diets, have occurred in the 1990s and early 2000s and, as such, are relatively new. Researchers and other experts have published articles and studies that run the gamut from promoting the safety and efficacy of the diet, to questioning its long-term validity, to outright condemning it as dangerous.〔Charlotte E. Grayson, M.D., ''(Loss: High Protein, Low Carbohydrate Diets )'', Web MD, retrieved 17 July 2008〕 A significant early criticism of the Atkins Diet was that there were no studies that evaluated the effects of Atkins beyond a few months. However, studies began emerging in the mid-to-late-2000s which evaluate low-carbohydrate diets over much longer periods, controlled studies as long as two years and survey studies as long as two decades.〔 In addition to research on the efficacy of Atkins and other low-carbohydrate diets, some research has directly addressed other areas of health affected by low-carbohydrate diets. For example, contrary to popular belief that low-carbohydrate diets damage the heart, one study found that women eating low-carbohydrate, high-fat/protein diets "may moderately reduce the risk of coronary heart disease", compared to women eating high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets. Other studies have found possible benefits to individuals with type 2 diabetes, cancer,〔Sun Ha Jee, PhD, MHS; Heechoul Ohrr, MD, PhD; Jae Woong Sull, PhD, MHS; Ji Eun Yun, MPH; Min Ji, MPH; Jonathan M. Samet, MD, MS: Fasting Serum Glucose Level and Cancer Risk in Korean Men and Women, Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 293 No. 2, Jan. 12, 2005.〕 and epilepsy.〔(Johns Hopkins Epilepsy Center. "The Ketogenic Diet" ) 〕〔Freeman, John M.; Kossoff, Eric H.; Hartman, Adam L.: ''(The Ketogenic Diet: One Decade Later )'', Pediatrics, Vol. 119 No. 3 March 2007, pp. 535–543〕 One study comparing two levels of low-carbohydrate diets (ketogenic—the lowest carbohydrate level—and non-ketogenic) found that both had positive effects in terms of insulin sensitivity, weight loss, and fat loss while the ketogenic diet showed slightly higher risks of inflammation and somewhat lower perceived levels of vigor, described as "potentially harmful metabolic and emotional side-effects" (although it should be noted that one of the researchers of this study, Barry Sears, markets The Zone as a competing low-carbohydrate diet). The effects of the Atkins Diet remain a subject of much debate. Some studies conclude that the Atkins diet helps prevent cardiovascular disease, lowers the low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and increases the amount of HDL, or so-called "good" cholesterol. Some studies suggest that the diet could contribute to osteoporosis and kidney stones.〔(Researchers chew the fat on merits of the Atkins Diet ) ''USA Today''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Atkins diet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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